The difference

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While the terms "flag hoisting" and "flag unfurling" are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation, they refer to two completely distinct ceremonies with different historical meanings and protocols in India.

The difference comes down to the flag's starting position on the pole and what that upward movement represents.

The Action

The flag is tied at the bottom of the pole and is physically pulled up to the top.The flag is already tied in a bundle at the top of the pole. A string is pulled to open it.

Symbolism

Represents the rise of a new, free nation emerging from colonial rule.Represents the authority of the Constitution in a nation that is already independent.

Who performs it

The Prime Minister (Head of Government)The President (Head of State)

Location (Delhi) Red FortKartavya Path (formerly Rajpath)

On the first Independence Day in 1947, India did not yet have a President or a Constitution, and Lord Mountbatten was still Governor-General. Therefore, the Prime Minister hoisted the flag, establishing a convention that continues today. By the time Republic Day was established in 1950, Dr. Rajendra Prasad had taken office as the first President, so as the constitutional head of state, the President performs the unfurling ceremony.